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Encounter norms among visitors at a national park in Turkey
Meryem Bihter Bingül1*, Jerry J. Vaske2 and Maureen P. Donnelly3 Received: 17/02/2016 Accepted: 13/12/2016
1Graduate Student, Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Forestry 230, Fort
Abstract
This article examined response format effects on norm prevalence (i.e., the percent of individuals who could specify a norm). Data were collected in Dilek Peninsula Büyük Menderes Delta National Park, in Turkey. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In the “semi-open” response format, respondents (n = 458) “wrote a number” for an acceptable number of visitor encounters. In the “closed” format, respondents (n = 459) “circled a number” of acceptable encounters, along a range of possible responses. Results showed that encounter norm prevalence was significantly and consistently higher for the closed format of the survey, as compared to the semi-open version. In addition, among those reporting a norm, the average tolerance levels were statistically higher in the semi-open format. Implications for applying the normative approach across different cultures are discussed.
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